Biological traits in broomrape such as achlorophyllous nature, underground parasitism, the physical connection and growth synchronization with the crop, and the exclusive uptake of resources via crop vascular system rather than from the soil make broomrape control a challenging agricultural task. J. Agric. (2012). Composition of and changes in storage compounds in Orobanche aegyptiaca seeds during preconditioning. doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00070-8, Antonova, T. S., and Ter Borg, S. J. Symbiosis 15, 6170. Biol. Such a model would be a valuable tool to synthesize knowledge on broomrape life-cycle, to design and test management strategies and better predict the variability in effects observed for a given environment and set of agricultural practices. The majority of strategies aimed to manage autotrophic weeds do not necessarily work for broomrapes and those that provide a degree of success for broomrape need to be optimized for each broomrape-crop species combination, local environmental conditions and broomrape population. Elicitation of defense related enzymes and resistance by L-methionine in pearl millet against downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Sci. 3585999. Bot. The amino acid approach to control weeds is inspired on the concept of frenching disease where amino acid end-product inhibits the activity of a controlling enzyme in the amino acid biosynthesis pathway (Vurro et al., 2006, 2009; Sands and Pilgeram, 2009). If this works, it will be easy to implement through the fertilizer system.. 65, 560565. Plant Physiol. 7:135. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00135. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01307.x, Mabrouk, Y., Simier, P., Delavault, P., Delgrange, S., Sifi, B., Zourgui, L., et al. Especially common in tomatoes, hemp broomrape can parasitize a variety of vegetable crops, and its tiny seeds are usually spread by contaminated soil or crop seeds. 65, 540545. 119, 585591. operate at different developmental stages of the parasite. Weed Sci. and Phelipanche spp.). Using biotechnological approaches to develop crop resistance to root parasitic weeds. Genetic Diversity of Orobanche cumana Populations in Serbia. Nat. The host reproductive sinks compete earlier and stronger against the parasitic sink and in consequence less nutritive resources are allocated to the parasite (Manschadi et al., 1996). Plant Sci. FOIA Striga resistance in the wild relatives of sorghum. 14, 227236. A better understanding in the roles of major hormones in the process of broomrape germination would facilitate the design of feasible control strategies based on either inhibition of broomrape germination during crop cultivation or promotion of suicidal germination in the absence of the crop. A Parasitic Lifestyle: Beechdrops and Their Relatives As alternative, transgenic resistant crops have been engineered with broomrape-inducible expression of toxins specifically targeting the penetrating broomrape seedling. doi: 10.1093/annbot/mcm148, Labrousse, P., Arnaud, M. C., Griveau, Y., Fer, A., and Thalouarn, P. (2004). Synthetic analogs of growth regulators can be successfully used to reduce parasitism by hampering the synchronization of the parasitic seed bank with the growth of the host. Based on those conditions, methionine has the potential to be used as broomrape herbicide but it needs to be confirmed and its application adjusted to real field conditions. Scientists Dr Chris Thorogood at the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, and Dr Fred Rumsey at London's Natural History Museum have just described a new form of a strange parasitic 'vampire' plant known as 'common broomrape'. The role of peroxidase in the resistance of sunflower against O. cumana in Russia. Eradication of Orobanche/Phelipanche spp. Sands, D. C., and Pilgeram, A. L. (2009). doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85145-H, Bennett, J. R., and Mathews, S. (2006). Pest Manag. 55, 517520. Abbasher A. broomrape, (genus Orobanche), genus of about 150 species of parasitic annual or perennial herbs (family Orobanchaceae). This is maintained by accumulation of solutes mainly potassium at higher concentrations than in the corresponding host tissues (Abbes et al., 2009). Physiol. Weed Sci. in soils and in solutions. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. However, the overall productivity of the host-parasite system is also reduced due to the shorter growing period being detrimental for crop yield. Mol. Cala, A., Rial, C., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., Molinillo, J. M. G., Varela, R. M., Rubiales, D., et al. 60, 316323. (2002). PDF Broomrape, a Noxious Parasitic Weed, is Back in Texas doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv119, Lechat, M. M., Pouvreau, J. Acquisition of water is driven by a lower water potential in broomrape tissues (Ehleringer and Marshall, 1995). Careful selection of the non-host component in the intercrop is, however, required as some plant species can act as non-host facilitators and therefore increase the severity of broomrape infection in the host component (Gibot-Leclerc et al., 2013). J. Agric. 34, 610619. -, Abbes Z., Kharrat M., Delavault P., Chabi W., Simier P. (2009). Metabolism during preconditioning and germination of Orobanche aegyptiaca, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Orobanche and related Striga Research: Biology and management of Orobanche, eds A. H. Pieterse, J. 111, 579586. Plant Physiol. Still, as the parasite is synchronized on the crop development this means in some cases that the change disfavoring the parasite could also limit the maximum potential yield for the crop. doi: 10.1007/s00299-005-0052-y, Amsellem, Z., Zidack, N. K., Quimby, Jr P. C, and Gressel, J. doi: 10.1021/jf5027235, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., and Rubiales, D. (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00748.x. 35, 445452. Plant Mol. doi: 10.1579/05-R-051R.1. Pest Manag. A. C. Verkleij (Nantes: University of Nantes), 294295. Benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) acts as a functional analog of SA and activates defense responses in susceptible hosts leading to lignification of the endodermis and a consequent inhibition to up to 98% broomrape parasitism (Gonsior et al., 2004; Prez-de-Luque et al., 2004; Kusumoto et al., 2007). Haustorium initiation and early development, in Parasitic Orobanchaceae, eds D. M. Joel, L. J. Musselman, and J. Gressel (Berlin: Springer), 6174. You could plant non-host crops for 20 years, but then when you plant tomatoes, branched broomrape could emerge again, Hanson said. B., Pouponneau, K., Yoneyama, K., Montiel, G., Le Bizec, B., et al. Israeli researchers developed a temperature/moisture model for application of low rates of an ALS inhibitor on processing tomatoes. Pron, T., Vronsi, C., Mortreau, E., Pouvreau, J. 2020 Sep 11;9(9):1184. doi: 10.3390/plants9091184. Effect of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) burial depth on parasitism dynamics and chemical control in tomato. (2008). doi: 10.1002/9780470168011.ch4, Joel, D. M., Kleifeld, Y., Losner-Goshen, D., Herzlinger, G., and Gressel, J. It's a cute little bird - the Phainopepla. Barghouthi, S., and Salman, M. (2010). Can. doi: 10.1038/nature07271, Gonsior, G., Buschmann, H., Szinicz, G., Spring, O., and Sauerborn, J. New Phytol. Reviewed in Joel et al. Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1007/s13593-013-0153-x, Gibot-Leclerc, S., Corbineau, F., Sall, G., and Cme, D. (2004). 65, 581587. The taxonomy of the group is somewhat contentious, and the American species of broomrape are sometimes placed in the genus Aphyllon. Weed Res. Germination ecophysiology, in Parasitic Orobanchaceae, eds D. M. Joel, J. Gressel, and L. J. Musselman (Heidelberg: Springer Berlin), 195219. Environ. Although some examples of successful control do exist for some crops, the majority of commercially available control methods are either not fully effective or not applicable to many of the affected crops, especially in the case of low-input crops (Joel, 2000). Botanists unearth new 'vampire plant' in UK carpark doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.017. resistance available for faba bean breeding. Bagley urged growers and pest control advisors to be vigilant in avoiding spread of this weed to new fields. Were trying to get a relatively low rate of material into the crop, high enough to kill the parasitic weed but low enough to not damage the crop, Hanson said. 51, 702707. The effects of superphosphate application, 2,4-DB and grazing on broomrape (Orobanche minor Sm.) doi: 10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60328-6, Lieberman, M. (1979). Food Chem. Positive regulation: (1) production by each flower scape of hundreds of thousands of seeds able to survive in the soil for more than 10 years; (2) production by the host plant of strigolactones or glucosinolates that stimulate seed germination (blue arrows). A. S. Lpez, E. I. Martnez, T. R. Blas, M. C. Lpez, and J. P. Sestelo (A Corua: Dario Prada-Rodrguez of University of A Corua), 688. The first step of conditioning promotes in the parasitic seed receptors the required sensitivity for the second step of host detection (Musselman, 1980; Kebreab and Murdoch, 1999; Lechat et al., 2012, 2015; Murdoch and Kebreab, 2013). And even that may not be enough to prevent a resurgence of branched broomrape, which causes crop losses in processing tomatoes of up to 70 percent and even 80 percent. doi: 10.1002/ps.1706, Keywords: integrated pest management, Orobanche, Phelipanche, parasitism, germination, haustorium, plant recognition, seed bank, Citation: Fernndez-Aparicio M, Reboud X and Gibot-Leclerc S (2016) Broomrape Weeds. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Lpez-Rez, J. Ecosyst. The significance of this structure in broomrape parasitism requires further investigation. As a nurse plant, the bursage provides protection from hungry animals, shade from the relentless sun and additional nutrients and water that collect under the plant. Haustorium-inducing factors are structurally similar to allelopathic phytotoxins and gene expression of parasitic radicles exposed to haustorium-inducing factors is similar to that after radicle is exposed to phytotoxins (Tomilov et al., 2006). Death of the young broomrape tubercles shortly after nutritive flow initiation has been observed in cultivars carrying post-haustorial resistance in the form of growth arrest and necrosis of young tubercles. Dissipation of metham-sodium from soil and its effect on the control of Orobanche aegyptiaca. Weed Sci. (2006). american fidelity accident insurance. Nitrogen and carbon relationships between the parasitic weed Orobanche foetida and susceptible and tolerant faba bean lines. Effect of Brassica campestris var. Once a field is infested, controlling the broomrape seed bank is very difficult due to its high resilience. Can sourcesink relations explain responses of tobacco to infection by the root holoparasitic angiosperm Orobanche cernua? Weed Sci. The points of vulnerability of some underground events, key for their parasitism such as crop-induced germination or haustorial development are reviewed as inhibition targets of the broomrape-crop association. Planta 225, 10311038. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.014, Gressel, J. Evaluation of the pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated from Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Israel. The relationship between the organic nitrogen status of Egyptian broomrape and one of its hosts, carrot, was studied by comparing amino acid profiles of leaf and root tissues of nonparasitized and broomrape-parasitized carrot plants and by analyzing amino acid profiles of broomrape at different growth stages. The efficient action of the biological control agent will depend on its ability to remain active over a large range of ecological conditions (Aly, 2007). Suttle, J. C., and Schreiner, D. R. (1982). Nitrate reductase is not detectable (Lee and Stewart, 1978) and activity of glutamine synthetase is very low (McNally et al., 1983). Broomrape seeds are less capable to recognize crop roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium leguminosarum or Azospirillum brasilense due to change in the composition of the root exudates in colonized plants (Dadon et al., 2004; Mabrouk et al., 2007a; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009c, 2010b; Louarn et al., 2012). However, seven broomrape species, Orobanche crenata, O. cernua, O. cumana, O. foetida, O. minor, Phelipanche aegyptiaca, and P. ramosa have specialized on attacking crops causing trouble in agriculture along Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia (Parker, 2009). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1976.tb00406.x, Katan, J. Frontiers | Broomrape Weeds. Underground Mechanisms of Parasitism and 9, 200208. Curr. 11, 435442. Hanson and fellow researchers UC Davis assistant professor Mohsen Mesgaran and graduate student Matthew Fatino discussed their progress toward a management strategy during the 63rd annual Weed Day on the Davis campus. Broomrape, commonly called Orobanche, is a genus of more than 200 species of herbaceous plants native to the temperate northern hemisphere. However, results recently arisen from a molecule screening identified phytotoxins that induce the development of anchoring device in broomrape radicles (Cimmino et al., 2014, 2015). Nat. A continuous phloem system between broomrape and its host has been microscopically observed at the terminal haustoria. (2012). Besides the demethylation of PrCYP707A1 promoter required for host-dependent PrCYP707A1 expression, the high levels of global DNA demethylation observed at the end of conditioning period suggest that the epigenetic process occurring during the conditioning phase may be targeting other unknown molecules during conditioning. J. Bot. The broomrape seed bank efficiency to initiate parasitism can be reduced by incorporation to the soil of several pathogens able to infect preattached broomrape stages such as Fusarium sp. Available at: www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts_list4Bname.pdf, Van Delft, G. J., Graves, J. D., Fitter, A. H., and Van Ast, A. The re-emergence of branched broomrape in California is of concern to the processing tomato industry as: 1) the experience in other regions of the world has demonstrated the extreme vulnerability of tomato to branched broomrape parasitism, 2) broomrapes seem likely to rapidly establish and spread in California because of the similarity to the species' native climate, (3) repeated cultivation . Control of Orobanche crenata in legumes intercropped with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Haustorium 54, 34. J. Pest Manag. Phytopathol. Interestingly, experimentation carried out on broomrape species specialized on summer crops revealed their lower requirement for conditioning when compared with species specialized in winter annual crops highlighting the ecological adaptation of broomrape weeds to the cropping system in which they become specialized (Plakhine et al., 2009). Minimum tillage reduces the amount of viable seeds incorporated in the soil and then their capacity to reach the crop root system (Ghersa and Martinez-Ghersa, 2000; Lpez-Bellido et al., 2009). The first barriers are imposed at the cortex level with reinforced cell walls mediated by either protein cross-linking or with the deposition of metabolites such as suberin, or callose. Depending on the genetic background of the resistant host, the intrusive cells of broomrape seedling can be stopped at three different levels in their way of penetration through the root layers to achieve connection with the host vascular system. Keyes, W. J., OMalley, R. C., Kim, D., and Lynn, D. G. (2000). (1997). Lpez-Granados, F., and Garca-Torres, L. (1999). Maintenance of relative low levels of those amino acids in tubercles either by low levels of synthetase activities (McNally et al., 1983) and or their rapid turnover of host-derived amino acids, establishes a decreasing concentration gradient that favors the unloading of amino acids into the parasite (Abbes et al., 2009). Plant Physiol. Their absolute dependence on host-derived nutritive resources for successful seedling establishment and consequent growth makes necessary the synchronization of parasitic germination with the growth of its host. 20, 423435. We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. Mediterr. a close related parasitic weed genus, but these hormones are ineffective in promoting germination of broomrape weeds (Lieberman, 1979; Logan and Stewart, 1995; Berner et al., 1999; Joel, 2000; Toh et al., 2012). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis decreases strigolactone production in tomato. Plant Physiol. In addition, this technique generates a considerable amount of plastic waste but the emergence of new materials at low-cost, of biological origin and biodegradable may in the future reduce earth pollution with plastic debris derived from agriculture practices (Fernandez and Ingber, 2013). Invertases involved in the development of the parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa: characterization of the dominant soluble acid isoform, PrSAI1. 49(Suppl. Bot. Sci. 100, 537544. Host specificity in broomrape species is usually indirectly related to the predictability of nutritive resources. Weed Res. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1971.tb01006.x, Stewart, G. R., and Press, M. C. (1990). When resistant crops impose barriers to stop the parasitic development at this stage, broomrape exhausts and parasitism is quickly aborted. Tomilov, A., Tomilova, N., Shin, D. H., Jamison, D., Torres, M., Reagan, R., et al. Broomrape | Infonet Biovision Home. Sauerborn, J., Linke, K. H., Saxena, M. C., and Koch, W. (1989). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bot. Pest Manag. Weed Sci. Abu-Irmaileh, B. E., and Labrada, R. (2009). (Berner et al., 1999; Ahonsi et al., 2003), a close relative of broomrapes, however, broomrape germination is not responsive to ethylene (Joel, 2000). (1999). (2002). According with pot experiments carried out in the tomato-P. aegyptiaca system, deep-plowing bringing the seeds to depth 12 cm will strongly reduce broomrape infection severity in terms of number of parasites, total parasitic biomass, delayed broomrape emergence and prevention of flower initiation and seed set (Eizenberg et al., 2007). Because parasitic weeds require host encoded molecules to stimulate the initiation of parasitism both at the level of seed germination and haustorium initiation, breeding for low-inducers genotypes of those processes are obvious targets for resistance (Yoder and Scholes, 2010). Vaucher, J. P. (1823). Field Crops Res. broomrape and bursage relationship. Weed Res. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00462.x, Hiraoka, Y., Ueda, H., and Sugimoto, Y. Umehara, M., Hanada, A., Yoshida, S., Akiyama, K., Arite, T., Takeda-Kamiya, N., et al. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1988.tb00778.x. Hortic. 37, 3751. 92, 1368. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-92-9-1368B. S. J. Ter Borg (Wageningen: LH/VPO), 2534. Zwanenburg, B., Mwakaboko, A. S., Reizelman, A., Anilkuma, G., and Sethumadhavan, D. (2009). 30, 533591. Among the reviewed strategies are those aimed (1) to reduce broomrape seed bank viability, such as fumigation, herbigation, solarization and use of broomrape-specific pathogens; (2) diversion strategies to reduce the broomrape ability to timely detect the host such as those based on promotion of suicidal germination, on introduction of allelochemical interference, or on down-regulating host exudation of germination-inducing factors; (3) strategies to inhibit the capacity of the broomrape seedling to penetrate the crop and connect with the vascular system, such as biotic or abiotic inhibition of broomrape radicle growth and crop resistance to broomrape penetration either natural, genetically engineered or elicited by biotic- or abiotic-resistance-inducing agents; and (4) strategies acting once broomrape seedling has bridged its vascular system with that of the host, aimed to impede or to endure the parasitic sink such as those based on the delivery of herbicides via haustoria, use of resistant or tolerant varieties and implementation of cultural practices improving crop competitiveness. Additional mechanisms that could contribute to the selective action of host-derived strigolactones in broomrape germination could be (1) variations of molecular structure between host-derived and parasite-encoded strigolactones conferring different specificity for different biological functions or (2) different spatial localization inside the broomrape seed for functions of strigolactone detection and strigolactone synthesis (Das et al., 2015). 65, 603614. Sunflower Breeding for Resistance to the new Broomrape Race Besides their role as extraorganismal signaling, recent research is uncovering new functions for strigolactones as plant hormone controlling crop development in response to the environment (Gomez-Roldan et al., 2008; Umehara et al., 2008). Paris: Dterville. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.012, Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Yoneyama, K., and Rubiales, D. (2011). Sources of low-inducers genotypes exist in crops species attacked by the close related parasitic weed Striga (Rich et al., 2004). MF-A wrote the paper. This is not eradication, Hanson said. J. A swelling of the host root at the penetration point is also observed due the parasitic stimulation of host tissue proliferation; (G) tubercle develops a crown of adventicious roots; (H) tubercle differentiates apical shoot meristem (single shoot meristem for Orobanche species and several shoot meristems for Phelipanche species); (I) the underground shoot eventually emerges through the root surface; (J) flowering and pollination occur. 58, 29022907. This strategy to abort broomrape invasion requires regulating the toxin production with promoters specifically induced around the site of Orobanche penetration such as the HMG2 promoter, ensuring correct delivery of the toxic effect to the broomrape penetrating seedling and overall low concentration of the toxin in the rhizosphere. Cezard, R. (1973). In some crops, the biomass loss equals to that accumulated by the parasite indicating that damage in the crop is directly attributed to the parasitic sink activity (Barker et al., 1996; Manschadi et al., 1996; Hibberd et al., 1998). List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients List 4b. J. Exp. broomrape and bursage relationship - 1atlanticfunding.com Plant Biol. Aber, M., Fer, A., and Salle, G. (1983). 18, 463489. doi: 10.1002/ps.1740, Rubiales, D., Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Wegmann, K., and Joel, D. (2009b). Before Revisiting strategies for reducing the seedbank of Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. 125, 9297. Crops that reach their seed filling period earlier than broomrape initiates its underground bud development are able to restrict parasitic sink and endure parasitic damage (Manschadi et al., 1996; Grenz et al., 2005; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009a, 2012a). Resistance and avoidance against Orobanche crenata in pea (Pisum spp.) Like most seeds, broomrape seeds are resistant to rapid microbial degradation due to phenols located in its testa (Cezard, 1973). Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These plants are best known by their straw-yellow stems, which are completely free of chlorophyll and have blue, white, or yellow dragon-like flowers. When Love Hurts Children: Controlling the Feelings of Minors The broomrape radicle shows no gravitropism and grows toward the host as a result of cell elongation. Phelipanche aegyptiaca management in tomato. Prez-de-Luque, A., Fondevilla, S., Prez-Vich, B., Aly, R., Thoiron, S., Simier, P., et al. Transformation of carrots with mutant acetolactate synthase for Orobanche (broomrape) control. 58, 11871193. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1998.0629, Johnson, A. W., Rosebery, G., and Parker, C. (1976). The role of strigolactones in host specificity of Orobanche and Phelipanche seed germination. Sci. TABLE 1. Understanding Orobanche and Phelipanche-host plant interactions and developing resistance. Its not a huge problem, but its not a small one either, and I think its under-reported because it requires crop destruct. Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide. Seed Sci. Joel, D. M., Bar, H., Mayer, A. M., Plakhine, D., Ziadne, H., Westwood, J. H., et al. 61, 246257. Once broomrape has established connection with the vascular system of its hosts, broomrape management should be performed quickly to abort at earlier stages the strong parasitic sink for nutrients and water. orthoceras, a potential mycoherbicide, parasitizes seeds of Orobanche cumana (Sunflower broomrape): a cytological study. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01787.x. In this study, the temperature-dependent relationship was developed into a predictive model based on growing degree-days (GDD) for small broomrape parasitism in red clover. broomrape and bursage relationship - cftreeservice.com Kuijt, J. Upon host detection, the broomrape radicle stops elongating and terminal haustorium is differentiated as an anchoring device. Gworgwor, N. A., and Weber, H. C. (1991). Getting familiar with branched broomrape: a parasitic weed in 25, 803813. The flowers are irregularly shaped and produce single-chambered capsules that contain numerous minute seeds. "It is a prolific seed producer. 2021 Apr 11;10(4):746. doi: 10.3390/plants10040746. Haustorium 65, 56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00464.x, Prez-de-Luque, A., Jorrn, J., and Rubiales, D. (2004). A multiple-pathogen strategy in which two or more pathogens are combined has been proved successful for the control of broomrape causing a synergistic effect that can lead to 100% broomrape control (Dor and Hershenhorn, 2003; Mller-Stver et al., 2005). (2007). eCollection 2022. Beechdrops ranges from New Brunswick west to Ontario and Missouri and south to the Gulf of Mexico. A., and Rubiales, D. (2010a). 25, 9931004. Other interesting molecules that hamper the ability of broomrape radicle to reach the host have been recently discovered from different microbial and plant origins (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2013; Cimmino et al., 2014). Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. Bot. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00739.x, Hershenhorn, J., Goldwasser, Y., Plakhine, D., Lavan, Y., Blumenfeld, T., Bucsbaum, H., et al. Food Chem. (1999). Botany 88, 839849. 54, 144149. The Flower That Must Not Be Named - The New York Times Science 349, 540543. As the broomrape seeds are long-lived and difficult to detect, infested fields are usually quarantined to prevent further spread. (2014). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, Bacillus atrophaeus, B. subtilis are promising biocontrol agents targeting the growth of broomrape radicles (Barghouthi and Salman, 2010). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This approach is based on the selection of naturally occurring mutants that overproduce and excrete an enhanced amount of specific amino acid with broomrape inhibition properties on seed germination and radicle growth (Vurro et al., 2006; Sands and Pilgeram, 2009). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Bot. Ann. Field Crops Res. Some compatible Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in peas decrease infections when parasitized by Orobanche crenata. Crop Prot. 2022 Feb 5;11(3):438. doi: 10.3390/plants11030438. doi: 10.1021/jf904247k, Evidente, A., Cimmino, A., Fernndez-Aparicio, M., Rubiales, D., Andolfi, A., and Melck, D. (2011). 41, 127151. Biol. Seed response to strigolactone is controlled by abscisic acid-independent DNA methylation in the obligate root parasitic plant, Phelipanche ramosa L. Pomel. Br. Weed Sci. De Candolle, A. P. (1813). 19, 753758. doi: 10.1560/E2KB-FM11-X4U2-YC9J, Bar-Nun, N., Sachs, T., and Mayer, A. M. (2008). 11, 240246. Westwood, J. H., Yu, X., Foy, C. L., and Cramer, C. L. (1998). Molecular responses of Lotus japonicus to parasitism by the compatible species Orobanche aegyptiaca and the incompatible species Striga hermonthica. Close related parasitic plants of Orobanchaceae such as Striga and Triphysaria use host derived phenolic derivatives to induce haustorium differentiation (Riopel and Timko, 1995; Albrecht et al., 1999; Bandaranayake and Yoder, 2013). Plant 51, 391394. Description Small broomrape is an her-baceous, eshy annual that is a Breeding for broomrape resistance stands out as the most economic, easy to adopt and environmentally friendly practice. Abiotic inducers of SAR thus represent an innovative approach to control broomrape parasitism. Control the Striga conundrum.
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